Every color is capable of producing slightly different hues depending on whether it is applied transparently over a lighter color, or just mixed with the lighter color. For demonstration purposes I rubbed Cadmium Red Hue on a clean white surface so that some of the white background shows through. I took the same color and mixed it with a little white to get a similar value. Then I brushed the mixed paint opaquely next to the transparent paint. The transparent paint appears warmer and the opaque paint appears cooler (this is hard to see this in the image below but it is easy to see in person).
I did the same thing with Ivory Black and obtained similar results (although it is easier to see the difference in this digital image).
Although all colors do not show a marked difference when applied this way, all seem to have the same slight shift of hue. Harold Speed made the same observation in his book titled
Oil Painting Techniques and Materials:
"All colors are made warmer when painted over light grounds transparently and all colors are made colder when mixed with white."
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